Include both the author and the year in the text. The page number will be in parentheses. Include only the author’s name in the text. The year and page number will be in parentheses. Do not write the author’s name or year of publication in the text. The name, year, and page number will be included in parentheses at the end.

Smith’s 2002 study found that “owning a pet absolutely reduced stress” (p. 48).

Smith (2002) found that “owning a pet absolutely reduced stress” (p. 48).

One study found that “owning a pet absolutely reduced stress” (Smith, 2002, p. 48).

This is correct because the period comes after the parentheses: Smith (2008) found that “owning a pet absolutely reduced stress” (p. 48). This is incorrect because the period is placed before the citation: Smith (2008) found that “owning a pet absolutely reduced stress. ” (p. 48)

If there is only one author, write their last name followed by a comma. For example: (Smith, 2008, p. 101). If there are 2 authors, write both last names separated by a “&. ” Follow the second name with a comma. For example: (Smith & Jones, 2008, p. 101). If there are 3-5 authors, cite all names the first time you use the citation. Then use the first author’s last name and “et. al” in following citations. The first citation might look like (Smith, Jones, & Wu, 2008, p. 101). The following citations might look like (Smith et. al 2008, p. 103). If there are more than 6 authors, use the first author’s last name and follow it with “et. al”. For example: (Smith et. al 2008, p. 101).

If you mentioned the author’s name in a signal phrase, follow it immediately with the year in parentheses. You might write: “Jenkins (1990) stated that…” If you did not mention the author’s name in a signal phrase, include the year after the author’s name in the parentheses. There should be a comma after the year. This might look like: (Jenkins, 1990, p. 1).

You must always include the page or paragraph number in the parentheses at the end. You cannot state it in the signal phrase at the beginning. The page number always comes last. Write “p. ” before the page number. ” If there is more than one page, use “pp. ” For example: (Wu, 2002, pp. 101-110). If you are using the paragraph number, write “para. ” before the number. For example: (Wu, 2010, para. 3).

Author’s last name and first initials Title of article Title of journal or book Year of publication Page range of cited article or chapter URL (if it is a website) or DOI number (if it is a peer-reviewed journal article)

When discussing the effect of pet ownership on humans, Smith asserts: The American Red Cross uses their annual report to call for more donations. In 2016, they said:

Keep the spacing the same as the rest of the essay. If the rest of the essay is double-spaced, your quote should be double-spaced. APA papers typically have margins of 1 inch (2. 5 cm). This means that your block quote will be indented a total of 1. 5 inches (3. 8 cm) from the edge of the page.

If the signal phrase includes the author’s name and year of publication, you only need to cite the page number at the end of the quote. If the signal phrase does not include this information, you must cite it at all in the parenthetical citation.

The American Red Cross (2016) estimates that it responds to 66,000 disasters per year, “including single-family or apartment home fires, severe weather, floods and wildfires” (p. 2). In 2016, the American Red Cross estimated that it responds to 66,000 disasters per year, “including single-family or apartment home fires, severe weather, floods and wildfires” (p. 2). One organization estimated that it responds to 66,000 disasters per year, “including single-family or apartment home fires, severe weather, floods and wildfires” (American Red Cross, 2016, p. 2).

Huntington’s disease is a “neurological disorder that causes uncontrolled or jerking movements, difficulties with cognition, and emotional issues” (“Huntington’s Disease,” 2011, para. 1).

If you are citing both John Smith and Kim Smith, your citations might look like this: (J. Smith, 2002, p. 27) (K. Smith, 1995, p. 205) In the signal phrase, you might write: K. Smith (1995) states that “the global economy will only continue to grow” (p. 205).

William Shakespeare once stated that “we know what we are, but know not what we may be” (as cited in Rodriguez, 2005, p. 6).